2009年6月28日 星期日

國會圖書館的銘文和語錄 ■王岫

國會圖書館的銘文和語錄 ■王岫
《2009/06/28 15:31》

國會圖書館牆上的孔子語錄(出自《在這些牆上》(On These Walls))
 美國國會圖書館(簡稱 LC)是全世界最大的圖書館,目前擁有圖書資料,約 1億 5千萬冊(件),每天還以 7千冊(件)的速度在成長。
  LC是各國圖書館員一生最想去朝聖一次的聖堂,但它卻也是到華府旅遊的一般觀光客經的參觀景點之一,因為它的三棟建築實在宏偉壯觀,與國會山莊連成一 氣,氣象撼動人心;特別是最早興建的哲佛遜館,華麗的義大利文藝復興造型,不僅莊嚴典雅,裡面更是處處是璧畫、彩畫、雕塑等裝飾,簡直是藝術作品的殿堂。
  原來,哲佛遜館在興建時,正是美國國力開始鼎盛的時期,那時內戰結束,國土不斷西進闢廣,國家充滿積極樂觀和自信的豪氣,在文化建設上也就要表現能夠讓美 國自豪的科學、藝術和文學的成就和發展。 1864年就由林肯總統任命,任期長達 33年的 LC第六任館長史波福特,他任內的功績就是將 LC由立法的 圖書館發展為具備國家圖書館的任務和地位,還有,就是建造一所宏偉壯觀,能呈現美國過去、現在和未來的一所偉大的圖書館。他心目中的新館舍,是一棟「美國 民眾的圖書皇宮」。果然, 1897年哲佛遜館落成時,美國民眾看到的是外面入口處的有著海神噴泉廣場的「歐洲之外的歐州」氣息的的典雅圖書館,館舍之 內,更有著金璧輝煌,像大教堂似的高聳圓頂主廳,從天花板、大理石牆面、迴廊、通道、樓梯,更處處有著藝術雕飾和圖繪彩畫,令人以為來到的是美術館。
 不為閱讀或查資料,到 LC即使看這些藝術作品,其實是就是一件賞心悅目的事。但細心的遊客,會發現在牆上許多彩繪或壁畫之間,經常刻、寫上許多銘文( Inscription)或語錄( Quotation),例如:
  「書籍必須遵循科學,而不是科學書籍」( Books must follow science, and not science books.)(這 是培根的話,指科學是不斷進步的階梯,今天寫書,一定要根據新的科學論證,而非昨日已成書的科學書籍,因為那隨時都可能成為不正確了)。

 還有, 遊客繞行走道到或樓梯間,也經常可以讀到「文字就是行動,行動也是一種文 字」( Words are also actions, and actions a kind of words)、「在書籍裡,躺著整個過去的思 想」( In books lies the soul of the whole past time)、「無知是上帝的詛咒,而知識是飛向天堂之 翼」( Ignorance is the curse of God; knowledge the wing where fly to heaven) ...... 等等銘文。

如果是我們國人,還可高興地在哲佛遜館一樓北邊通道拱型門上方,看到兩位小天使開展一幅卷軸,上面寫著孔夫子子的 話: “ GIVE INSTRUCTION UNTO THOSE WHO CANNOT PROCURE IT FOR THEMSELVES.”。 筆者查論語,應是子路第 13篇第 9章「 ... 曰:『既富矣,又何加焉?』子曰:『教之。』的大略英譯,這也是呈現教育功能的語錄。

 這些 牆上的銘文和語錄,都是強烈反映出 LC對蒐集館藏和擔任國家圖書館任務的野心和與民眾分享文明智慧的心情。但 LC的銘文語錄如此多,有的又刻藏在圓頂 天花板周邊或牆壁、通道、屋簷角落,如不仔細尋覓,還會遺漏或根本看不到,實在需要有一本指南書籍來幫忙引導讀者。
 在 LC服務長達四十年的資 深館員兼圖書中心主任科爾,其實在 1995年就曾編寫「在這些牆上:國會圖書館的銘文和語錄」一書,蒐錄並介紹 LC三個館舍牆上所有的銘文和語錄,但 當時照片較少,而且以黑白的為主,讀者看來吃力。近年來,經常到 LC拍攝館舍的著名攝影家海蜜絲女士,將她的所有作品捐給 LC,讓「在這些牆上」這本 書有利用海蜜絲女士拍下的諸多以銘文語錄為背景的彩色照片之機會,在 2008年底重新整理,並出版新的版本。

 讀者循著這本書,就好像有導覽在 指引,才知道主閱覽室圓頂天花板下的許多銘文語錄,是有順序的從上層歐州古老作家如但丁、亞里斯多德、培根……等等,再下到近代美國作家如古柏、朗費 羅……等等,象徵時代的演進。也才能知道圓頂大廳頂上環軸的大理石上,為何銘刻有「宗教」、「哲學」、「科學」、「法律」、商業」、「藝術」、「歷史」、 和「詩歌」八大知識領域的原因。

 帶著這本書,你也才能仔細去發現,大廳二樓沿著東邊通道窗戶的牆面上,有著哲學家史賓塞的「科學是有組織的知 識」( Science is Organized Knowledge)的銘文;繞過角落,面對樓梯,還可發現濟慈的那句語錄:「美就是真,真就是美! ( Beauty is truth, Truth beauty);走到大廳二樓南邊通道,沿著靠西的窗戶,可以看到歷史學家卡萊爾的語錄:「今日真正 的大學,就是書籍之蒐 藏」( The True University of these days is a collection of books) .....等等, 而在亞當斯館南面閱覽室頂樓的牆上,配合著雕畫,更銘刻有整個哲佛遜總統對教育觀點的語錄呢!

 透過這本書,我們知道 LC除了偉大的圖書資料,也有許多頗具意義的藝術雕飾,更有潛藏其間的許多啟迪智慧和發揚圖書館精神的銘文和語錄。這使我想起,以前在中央圖書館舊館閱覽大廳牆上,也有兩幅刻寫在長條木板上的對聯,是第一任館長蔣復璁先生的題詞:

 百萬冊辛勤搜集,多付秦灰。今屈指數來,珍存漢簡唐鈔宋刻明槧,皆瑯嬛祕笈,歷劫不磨,努力好古敏求,堪喜斯文猶在。
 十餘年慘澹經營,盡成陳跡,又從頭作起,粗備歐美典籍東西輿圖,是知識寶庫,開卷有益,效法知難行易,必教失土重光。

  這幅對聯的文字,既點出一所身負「徵集國內出版品,以蒐集本國文獻,並保管與維護珍藏古籍,以促進國家文化宏揚」之國家級圖書館之使命與任務,但也道出圖 書館面臨戰火及動亂時代,維護圖書文獻安全及開放閱覽,啟迪知識之不易。可惜的是,這幅對聯的兩塊長木板,央圖遷到中山南路新館後,一直找不到適當地點再 懸掛,新進的同人,多已無機會再親炙這兩段文字所散發出來的那股激勵人心的氣息了。

  LC銘文和語錄,相信也就是讓人有那股激勵人心的意義在其中。
 

The Work of Mourning (Jacques Derrida)

Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)

Jacques Derrida

“Death takes from us not only some particular life within the world, some moment that belongs to us, but, each time, without limit, someone through whom the world, and first of all our own world, will have opened up in a both finite and infinite—mortally infinite—way.”

—"The Taste of Tears"

The obituaries speak of his brilliance and originality. His charisma and complexity. Always his fame and influence. The ideas of Derrida have reshaped philosophy, literary theory, theology, the social sciences, and even architecture. His thoughts will long be with us.

Since 1978 the University of Chicago Press has been the primary publisher of Derrida's works in English. On these pages we gather a few of Derrida's writings, an appreciation of Derrida by Mark C. Taylor, and links to the books that we have been privileged to publish over twenty-five years.

Jacques Derrida




The Work of Mourning

Translated by Pascale-Anne Brault and Michael Naas
272 pages, 6 x 9 © 2001


Related links: Our website in remembrance of Derrida includes an excerpt from this book.

Jacques Derrida is, in the words of the New York Times, "perhaps the world's most famous philosopher—if not the only famous philosopher." He often provokes controversy as soon as his name is mentioned. But he also inspires the respect that comes from an illustrious career, and, among many who were his colleagues and peers, he inspired friendship. The Work of Mourning is a collection that honors those friendships in the wake of passing.

Gathered here are texts—letters of condolence, memorial essays, eulogies, funeral orations—written after the deaths of well-known figures: Roland Barthes, Paul de Man, Michel Foucault, Louis Althusser, Edmond Jabès, Louis Marin, Sarah Kofman, Gilles Deleuze, Emmanuel Levinas, Jean-François Lyotard, Max Loreau, Jean-Marie Benoist, Joseph Riddel, and Michel Servière.

With his words, Derrida bears witness to the singularity of a friendship and to the absolute uniqueness of each relationship. In each case, he is acutely aware of the questions of tact, taste, and ethical responsibility involved in speaking of the dead—the risks of using the occasion for one's own purposes, political calculation, personal vendetta, and the expiation of guilt. More than a collection of memorial addresses, this volume sheds light not only on Derrida's relation to some of the most prominent French thinkers of the past quarter century but also on some of the most important themes of Derrida's entire oeuvre-mourning, the "gift of death," time, memory, and friendship itself.

"In his rapt attention to his subjects' work and their influence upon him, the book also offers a hesitant and tangential retelling of Derrida's own life in French philosophical history. There are illuminating and playful anecdotes—how Lyotard led Derrida to begin using a word-processor; how Paul de Man talked knowledgeably of jazz with Derrida's son. Anyone who still thinks that Derrida is a facetious punster will find such resentful prejudice unable to survive a reading of this beautiful work."—Steven Poole, Guardian

"Strikingly simpa meditations on friendship, on shared vocations and avocations and on philosophy and history."—Publishers Weekly









Points . .: interviews, 1974-1994

Points . .: interviews, 1974-1994 - Google 圖書結果

由 Jacques Derrida, Elisabeth Weber, Peggy Kamuf 著作 - 1995 - Philosophy - 499 頁
This volume collects twenty-three interviews given over the course of the last two decades by Jacques Derrida.

中国图学思想史

书 名 中国图学思想史
作 者 刘克明
出 版 社 科学出版社
2008



图学能反映人类文明进程中的智慧和科技发展的水平,图学思想更能体现这一主题。中国是一个具有图学传统的国家,中国古代的图学家们创造了许多令世人惊叹的奇迹,无论是图学思想、图学理论,或是制图技术、绘图方法,都取得了可观的成就,表现出图学大师的创新精神。《中国图学思想史》是我国第一部系统论述图学思想发展史的学术专著,以古代为主,兼及现代。史料丰富,观点独到,而且图文并茂。《中国图学思想史》适合科学史工作者、图学工作者,以及相关专业的大学师生阅读




中国图学思想史 目录


总序席泽宗
第一章 绪论
第一节 中国图学思想发展的历史及其分期
第二节 古今“图”的含义及其嬗变
第三节 中国图学的基本分类
第二章 先秦时期的图学思想
第一节 从“史皇作图”看中国图学的起源
第二节 《周易枠中的图学思想及其历史价值
第三节 先秦图学理论及其思想
第四节 从中山国《兆域图枠看先秦图学思想所取得的成就
第五节 秦代图学的科学成就
第六节 《周礼枠的图学思想及其成就
第七节 《周髀算经枠中的图学内容
第三章 两汉魏晋南北朝时期的图学思想
第一节 汉代科学家张衡的图学思想
第二节 魏晋南北朝时期的图学思想
第三节 透视理论的记载及其在绘图中的应用
第四节 南朝宗炳论透视画法及其图学价值
第四章 隋唐时期的图学思想
第一节 隋唐时期的图学成就及其思想
第二节 唐代画论中的图学内容
第三节 从隋唐造立明堂看建筑设计思想的成就
第四节 柳宗元的图学思想
第五章 宋代图学思想的科学成就
第一节 宋代方志文献中的图学思想
第二节 宋代文学作品中的图学思想
第三节 杨甲《六经图》中的图学思想及其价值
第四节 聂崇义《三礼图集注》及其图学思想
第五节 从《图谱略》看郑樵对古代图学思想的总结
第六节 宋代图学家论透视画法
第七节 中国图学理论的散点透视及其原理
第八节 宋代科学技术著作中的图学思想及画法成就
第九节 李诫的图学思想及《营造法式》的图学成就
第十节 组合视图的出现及其应用
第六章 元代图学思想
第一节 元代方志中的图学思想
第二节 王祯《农书》中的图学思想
第三节 朱思本的图学成就及其思想
第七章 明代图学思想
第一节 明代方志中的图学思想及其图学成就
第二节 计成的《园冶》及其图学思想
第三节 明代兵器制图的百科全书《武备志》及其图学思想
第四节 明代科学家徐光启的图学思想
第五节 宋应星《天工开物》中的图样及其图学思想
第六节 王徵的图学思想
第八章 清代图学思想
第一节 康熙图学思想
第二节 乾隆图学思想
第三节 章学诚图学思想探述
第四节 年希尧《视学》中的图学理论及其思想
第五节 样式雷图档的历史价值
第六节 中国近代图学思想综述
第七节 徐寿父子的图学实践及思想
第九章 中国现代图学思想
第一节 现代图学的建立与发展
第二节 中国现代工程图学史略
第三节 中国现代图学思想
第四节 对图学的认识功能及其哲学思考
后记

2009年6月27日 星期六

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONARIES:The Making of the Modern World 1776-1914


The Modernizers


Published: June 25, 2009

Abraham Gesner is hardly a household name today, but this country-doctor-turned-geologist in Nova Scotia was the first person to figure out how to transform the raw sludge of fossil remains into kerosene and other fuels. He effectively laid the foundation for the modern petroleum industry but steadfastly refused to take full credit for his discoveries, writing in 1861 that “the progress of discovery in this case, as in others, has been slow and gradual. It has been carried on by the labors, not of one mind, but of many, so as to render it difficult to discover to whom the greatest credit is due.”

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONARIES

The Making of the Modern World 1776-1914

By Gavin Weightman

Illustrated. 422 pp. Grove Press. $27.50

Gesner is but one of the fascinating characters Gavin Weightman brings to life in “The Industrial Revolutionaries,” his engaging survey of the countless men and women who wedded technological innovation to capitalist profit or nationalist agenda, and in the process helped usher in the modern era. Like Gesner, Weightman believes the industrial revolution was an incremental process in which credit for any innovation or invention rightly belongs to innumerable individuals scattered throughout the world. He is remarkably successful at capturing this process, skillfully stitching together thumbnail sketches of a large number of inventors, architects, engineers and visionaries central to the “global spread of industrialism” from the 18th century to the eve of World War I.

As do many writers on the industrial revolution, Weightman, the author of “London River” and other histories, begins with the rise of textile factories and iron foundries in Britain. But he does not linger there long. He wants to tell an expansive, global story, and for the most part he succeeds, focusing on itinerant inventors and industrialists whose wanderings took them all over the world. Their numbers include industrial spies like John Holker, who smuggled technology and workmen from Britain to France in order to jump-start that country’s own industrial revolution; the flamboyant Richard Trevithick, whose pioneering work on high-pressure steam engines was interrupted by a stint in Simón Bolívar’s army and other picaresque adventures; and the mercenary American inventor and entrepreneur Robert Fulton, whose early experiments with torpedoes gained him little, but whose more profitable, if less explosive, refinements of steamboat design made him a very wealthy man.

Like Fulton, many of Weightman’s people were better at improving or implementing someone else’s idea than coming up with something altogether original. But that’s Weightman’s larger point: the real industrial revolutionaries were those who managed to put ideas — their own or someone else’s — into practice. This is not a book, in other words, overflowing with portraits of brilliant but ineffectual inventors; instead, railway promoters like William James in Britain are prominently showcased, as are the Choshu Five, a coterie of modernizers who left Japan in the 1860s to learn about Western industry and help usher their country into the modern era; they set the groundwork for Japan’s “technological plagiarism on a truly heroic scale.” There are curious omissions — Andrew Carnegie, for example, merits only a few sentences — but Weightman’s narrative rarely falters.

Less successful is Weightman’s attempt to draw broad lessons from the history he relates. Toward the end, he briefly summarizes some grand theories about why certain countries more readily embrace industrial innovation than others. This seems like an awkward afterthought, and falls flat, as does his attempt to explain Britain’s industrial decline (he blames the shortsighted embrace of free trade). Yet for the most part, Weightman expertly marshals his cast of characters across continents and centuries, forging a genuinely global history that brings the collaborative, if competitive, business of industrial innovation to life.




Stephen Mihm is the author of “A Nation of Counterfeiters: Capitalists, Con Men, and the Making of the United States.”




Chapter One: SPIES

There were spies everywhere in eighteenth-century Britain. Though they disguised themselves in a variety of ways, they all had one ambition - to unearth the secrets of Britain's industrial success. They came from many different European countries, from Russia, Denmark, Sweden and Prussia, but the most eager of the spies were from Britain's greatest rival, France. Many were very erudite men who posed as disinterested tourists, compiling reports which they presented as purely academic treaties. Others posed as workmen in the hope of getting close to some fiendishly clever piece of machinery. And wherever the spies failed to gain entry, they were often reduced to lurking around local inns, hoping to engage knowledgeable workmen in conversation and induce them to cross the Channel for some splendid reward.

It was already evident to the French and other Europeans that Britain was gaining an industrial lead in the first half of the eighteenth century. There was, for example, the newly acquired technique of smelting iron with purified coal or 'coke' instead of charcoal, a fuel which was becoming prohibitively expensive. There were processes for the preparation of raw wool which were trade secrets and much sought after, as were some of the arcane skills of watchmakers. In the absence of any really reliable textbooks or journals which might disseminate information on how things were done, the most effective way to steal an innovation was simply to bribe a skilled workman to leave his employer. Indeed, in 1719 the British government had passed a law forbidding craftsmen to emigrate to France or any other rival country and put a penalty on attempted enticement. At that time the chief concern was the loss of iron founders and watchmakers. But after the mid-century it was the astonishing developments in textiles which were the chief target of foreign spies and the subject of protectionist legislation outlawing the export of tools and machinery as well as skilled men. It was in this trade that the English turncoat, John Holker, the master of all French spies, began an extraordinary career which spanned half a century of rapid innovation.

The invention of machines for preparing and spinning raw cotton into a strong, even yarn was exclusive to a few pioneers in England, some of whom grew rich in just a few years. They built the first spinning mills which were worked night and day by children and women on thirteen-hour shifts. Much of the cotton thread was turned by hand-loom weavers into cheap and colourful cotton cloth which was sold around the world. Millions of miles of thread was exported to countries that had not learned the secrets of how to make machinery that would produce yarn of such quality so cheaply. The first of the revolutionary cotton-spinning mills was built in 1771 in the Derbyshire countryside on the River Derwent, the flow of which provided its power: it was not until a few years later that steam engines were devised which could drive spinning or other machinery.

Cromford Mill, as it was named, was the work of two men: Richard Arkwright, a former barber-surgeon and wig-maker, and Jedediah Strutt, a Nottingham manufacturer of stockings and inventor of an ingenious 'frame' for the machine-knitting of ribbed stockings. The novelty of Cromford Mill and the great secret the stone building kept hidden was the 'water frame', a complex piece of mostly wooden machinery, a confusing mass of cogs and pulleys and subtle devices which could turn ninety-one spindles at a go - the equivalent of nearly a hundred cottagers sitting on their porches with a single-bobbin spinning wheel. Cotton thread produced on spinning wheels or spinning jennies was not generally strong enough to be used as the warp as well as the weft of cloth, which meant that it had to be interwoven with linen or wool yarn. However, the spindles of the Arkwright water frame turned out a high-quality yarn which could be used for both warp and weft so that cloth could be woven which was 100 per cent cotton.

In the last quarter of the eighteenth century, and for long after, the spinning of thread and the making of cloth was the single most important industry in Britain and much of Europe. By tradition, home-grown sheep's wool was the basic raw material, along with linen, which is made from the pounded stalks of blue-flowered flax. The very finest cloth was made of silk which came from China or was produced in some regions of Italy and France where the planting of mulberry trees, on which silk worms feed, was successful. Cotton, grown in Egypt or India, could not be raised in the temperate climate of northern Europe and was, until the 1770s, relatively unimportant. A speciality of one part of Lancashire, cotton yarn was generally woven with wool or linen thread to produce a variety of cloths.

For hundreds of years, colourful, lightweight and washable pure cotton cloth had been produced in India and was sold on a world market into which Europeans entered in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The British East India Company, founded in 1600, for many years picked up Indian cotton cloth at the Malabar coastal town of Calicut and traded it in Indonesia for spices. Towards the end of the seventeenth century, the Company, seeking new ways of making money, brought back to England some cargoes of colourful Indian cotton cloth. It was a sensation, not only in England but throughout Europe. When it was washed, the dyes did not run, though how this was achieved nobody outside India knew. As the East Indiamen returned from the Thames to the Malabar coast, they carried instructions as to which kinds of pattern might be popular in England.

But the East India Company was soon in trouble, accused of unpatriotic profiteering. In the woollen-weaving and silk-producing districts of England, cotton became a dirty word. In France and other European countries too, the threat that these wonderful Indian goods presented to the established textile industries brought a swift reaction. Women seen wearing cotton gowns were attacked in the Spitalfields district of London in what became known as the 'calico riots' - calico being the term for all cotton goods derived from the entrepot of Calicut. The selling and wearing of pure cotton goods was outlawed to protect indigenous industries. In Britain the ban lasted from 1721 until 1776, though many ingenious ways were found to get around it. Similar bans were imposed in Europe.

The popularity of cotton was established, however, and while British dyers puzzled over the secrets of the fast colours of Indian cottons, others set out to discover how the yarn could be produced in greater quantities and more cheaply. There were a number of false starts in the 1740s with machines that could spin cotton but for one reason or another were not successful. It was in the 1760s, although it is impossible to say exactly when, that the first 'spinning jennies' appeared. The invention is generally attributed to a Lancashire textile worker called James Hargreaves, who fashioned the first prototype with a penknife. It was a small machine which could revolve up to nine bobbins at a time with the turn of a single wheel which was worked by hand. There was a certain knack to it as a tension had to be kept in the threads, but it could be operated by a child and could fit into the rooms of a cottage. Revolutionary though it was, reproductions based on the original patent application show a piece of machinery that looks primitive, if not decidedly medieval.

Hargreaves was allegedly driven out of Lancashire and developed his jennies in Nottingham. The new machines were quickly copied and soon there were hundreds and then thousands at work. Not long after, Richard Arkwright arrived in Nottingham with his plans for a spinning machine that could be driven by 'gin' (an abbreviation of 'engine') horses or a waterwheel. Arkwright had no background in textiles and appears to have consulted a clock-maker about the mechanisms he needed, and he found a ready and skilled partner in Jedediah Strutt. Once their Cromford Mill began to whirr, it drew from other parts of the country, and from all over Europe, fascinated visitors, many of whom were quite obviously industrial spies.

If you glance at a diagram of the first of Arkwright's water frames, it is immediately apparent that copying it would be no easy task. There were those who bribed workmen to allow them a glimpse of spinning machines and other British technological novelties and attempted to fathom how they worked. But with all this early equipment there was no substitute for finding someone who had spent time in the Mill and might be enticed abroad with the prospect of higher wages and a more comfortable life. Any workman who accepted such offers was taking a considerable risk, for under English law any possessions they left at home could be confiscated and they faced jail if they wanted to return.

The threats did not, however, do much to inhibit the efforts of John Holker, who was successful in enticing large numbers of English artisans to work in France. Holker was born in 1719 in Stretford near Manchester, the son of a blacksmith who died when John was in his infancy. When he was in his early twenties, Holker worked in the Manchester textile trade as an apprentice calenderer, a skilled job in which cloth was pressed between rollers to make it smooth. He went into partnership with a man called Peter Moss, who had money, and by 1745 they owned a thriving business. It was in that year that the forces supporting the claims of the 'Young Pretender' to the English throne, Bonnie Prince Charlie, reached Lancashire. Both Holker and Moss were Catholic and joined a rapidly assembled Manchester Regiment under Colonel Townley to fight for the Pretender in the uprising known for ever after as the '45. It was a mad venture which was quickly and brutally crushed, the decisive victory going to the Duke of Cumberland at Culloden. Moss and Holker were taken prisoner at Carlisle in Cumberland and, along with other officers and men involved in the rebellion, were sent to London's Newgate prison to await trial.

Newgate was a grim fortress in the mid-eighteenth century but run on commercial lines. Prisoners could pay for privileges and Peter Moss managed to bribe their jailer to sell them rope and tools to bore a hole in the prison wall. Holker was a big man and after Moss had eased through he became stuck and his friend had to go back to widen the gap. According to Holker, who would regale his French friends with the story many years later, they lowered themselves on knotted sheets to a roof which enabled them to leap across on to a merchant's house adjoining the prison. Holker missed a jump and landed in a barrel of water, but was still able to make his escape. One version of the story has Holker hidden for six weeks by a London woman with a greengrocer's stall before he got away to Holland and on to Paris, which he reached in 1746.

In France, Holker joined a regiment of Scottish infantry fighting in Flanders and, by his own account, once again risked his neck by accompanying Bonnie Prince Charlie on a secret mission to England in 1750. The following year, he found himself a home in Rouen, Normandy, where there was an established homespun textile industry in which he took a professional interest. He went into partnership with two French associates, making velvet, but still in 1753 appears to have had a desire to return to England. Peter Moss's daughter had married into the prominent Gartside family and through them Holker asked if he might be pardoned for his treacherous Jacobite activities. Either he was refused this amnesty, or he received no reply, for in 1754 he accepted an offer to set up a textile works in Rouen. This was before the invention of the spinning jenny or the water frame, but in England at the time there were machines for preparing raw wool or cotton for spinning, and Holker persuaded the French Inspector of Cloths at Rouen that it would be worth importing some Lancastrian expertise. He was introduced to the head of the French Bureau of Commerce, Daniel Charles Trudaine, creator of the postal system and the bridges and roads department, who was convinced of Holker's abilities and knowledge.

Trudaine quickly found the money (about ) to pay for Holker to return to England in disguise so that he could snoop around Manchester and other Lancashire towns. Holker's mother was still alive and helped him find samples of cloth and key workers with knowledge of particular processes. He worked frantically for three months, dispatching workers to be greeted by his wife at a temporary reception centre and then sent on to Rouen. In a short time a textile business with royal patronage was established in Saint-Sever on the outskirts of the town. Under Holker's direction, there was a team of English workmen including carpenters, joiners, calenderers and others. In October 1754, out of a total of eighty-six artisans at Saint-Sever, there were twenty English skilled workers and over the next few years they became influential in developing machinery for preparing and spinning cotton, not only there but in other parts of France as well.

Under Trudaine's patronage Holker flourished, earning a large salary and almost certainly prospering more than he might have done as a manufacturer back in Lancashire. That his main duty was as a spy is made clear in a letter in Trudaine's files: 'If one proposes to bring to France foreign skills, and principally those of England, where industry has made more progress than anywhere else, one can first use Sieur Holker to set up and maintain a secret correspondence with England to get thence surely and quickly all the models of machines and the samples and tools one needs.' Holker himself appears to have experienced little difficulty in bypassing the English customs officers, favouring the overcrowded port of London for transporting skilled artisans and machines to France. He chose ships sailing from the Thames to Rotterdam to allay any suspicion that cargoes were heading to Rouen. All the latest pieces of equipment - the spinning jennies from the 1760s onwards and the water frames and mules, which were hybrids of the jenny and water frame, from the 1770s - were shipped across to France illegally.

Some spies were caught. Charles Albert, a native of Strasburg, came to England in 1791 as the agent for a Toulouse firm which had cotton mills. While trying to recruit skilled workers, including a man called Geoffrey Scholes, he was arrested. He was tried in 1792 at Lancaster Assizes, where he was convicted, fined and sentenced to one year in jail. Albert was unable to pay the fine and spent five years in Lancaster prison before returning to France where, undaunted, he set up his own spinning mill with the help of expatriate English artisans. He never looked back, establishing himself in Paris as a manufacturer of textile machines for which he was awarded a gold medal at the Paris Industrial Exhibition of 1806. Albert then moved into the manufacture of steam engines, for which he and his partner won more medals. Nevertheless, he ended his career simply buying in foreign inventions from England and America before his eventual retirement to Strasburg.

Holker was never caught, and in time he persuaded the French authorities that if he were given a high-ranking official position and were well paid, his conspicuous success would encourage more British artisans to follow. In April 1755 he was made one of just seven Inspectors General of Manufactures and attempted to encourage the best in British industrial practice in his adopted country, not only in textile manufacture but other areas as well. Towards the end of his life Holker became a distinguished figure, elevated to the French aristocracy and honoured by the Academy of Sciences. He was visited by the American publisher, scholar and inventor, Benjamin Franklin, and was friendly with Thomas Jefferson, who took over from Franklin as ambassador to France in 1784. Holker was anxious to forge a closer relationship with the United States, but he died in 1786, just three years after America's victory in its War of Independence from Britain.

In the year before Holker died, a piece appeared in The Daily Universal Register, the forerunner of the London Times, which stated unequivocally that at one stage Holker (his name was spelt 'Haulker') had wanted to return to England and had asked for a pardon. Haulker was then already established in France but, so the piece claimed, offered to abandon his manufactory in Rouen if the Duke of Newcastle would allow him to establish a business again in England. According to the newspaper report, the Duke responded: 'It's all a mere trick to get a pardon, which he never shall obtain; and he may carry on what trade he pleases.' So Haulker 'reluctantly concluded with the Court of France and began to fabricate cotton cloth'.

(Continues...)

Excerpted from THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONARIES by GAVIN WEIGHTMAN Copyright © 2007 by Gavin Weightman. Excerpted by permission. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher. Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.

2009年6月26日 星期五

Anne Fadiman 《闲话大小事》At Large and At Small: Familiar Essays

(born August 7, 1953 New York) in is an American author, editor and teacher. [1]
She is the daughter of the renowned literary, radio and television personality Clifton Fadiman and World War II correspondent and author Annalee Jacoby Fadiman. She attended Harvard University, graduating in 1975 from Radcliffe College. [2]

Fadiman's 1997 book The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down won the National Book Critics Circle Award. Researched in California, it examined a generational Hmong family with a child with epilepsy, and their cultural, linguistic and medical struggles in America. [3]

She's written two books of essays, Ex Libris: Confessions of a Common Reader (1998) and At Large and At Small: Familiar Essays (2007)[1], and edited Rereadings: Seventeen Writers Revisit Books They Love (2005).

Fadiman was a founding editor of the Library of Congress magazine Civilization, and was the editor of the Phi Beta Kappa quarterly The American Scholar. She was forced out of her position at The American Scholar in 2004 in a dispute over budgetary and other issues.[4]
As of January 2005, in a program established by Yale alumnus Paul E. Francis, Anne Fadiman is Yale University's first Francis Chair in Residence, a three-year position which allows her to teach a non-fiction writing seminar, and advise, mentor and interact with students and editors of undergraduate publications.

Fadiman is married to the American author George Howe Colt.

[edit] References
^ Fadiman, Anne. (1997). The spirit catches you and you fall down. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. [Back Cover]
^ http://www.spiritcatchesyou.com/authorbio.htm
^ 1
^ Byrne, Richard (March 2004). "Phi Beta Kappa Forces Out Editor of 'The American Scholar'". The Chronicle of Higher Education. http://chronicle.com/daily/2004/03/2004033003n.htm.

This article about a United States writer of non-fiction is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

简介 · · · · · ·
  安妮·法迪曼写又回到了她喜爱的文体——小品文;人们欢迎这个文学传统形式,因为它知识广博(谈大事),而关注领域集中(谈小事)。法迪曼把幽默与博识相结合,使她卓然不群,成为最优秀的随笔作家之一。她把我们引入了她个人的十二件经历,从她童年有点儿邪恶的爱好——抓蝴蝶,到她对查尔斯·兰姆的倾心仰慕,从她对当年写信岁月的怀念,到由城市迁居乡下的艰难与报偿。   许多文章都是在身边的题材“影响下”写成的。法迪曼爱吃冰淇淋,一品脱一品脱地狼吞虎咽,她爱吃“哈根达斯”,还有她哥哥自制的液氮咖啡冰食(附配方)。她猛喝咖啡,又讲述巴尔扎克喝咖啡成瘾的故事;她通宵不眠,把自己写成了一个“夜枭”,观察自己一昼夜的生物钟节奏,同时又学习父亲治疗失眠的方法:在夜间玩词语游戏,还玩刘易斯·卡洛尔的数学游戏。《闲话大小事》是一本吸引人的文集,充满了法迪曼特有的对生... (展开全部)   

安妮·法迪曼写《闲话大小事》,又回到了她喜爱的文体——小品文;人们欢迎这个文学传统形式,因为它知识广博(谈大事),而关注领域集中(谈小事)。法迪曼把幽默与博识相结合,使她卓然不群,成为最优秀的随笔作家之一。她把我们引入了她个人的十二件经历,从她童年有点儿邪恶的爱好——抓蝴蝶,到她对查尔斯·兰姆的倾心仰慕,从她对当年写信岁月的怀念,到由城市迁居乡下的艰难与报偿。   许多文章都是在身边的题材“影响下”写成的。法迪曼爱吃冰淇淋,一品脱一品脱地狼吞虎咽,她爱吃“哈根达斯”,还有她哥哥自制的液氮咖啡冰食(附配方)。她猛喝咖啡,又讲述巴尔扎克喝咖啡成瘾的故事;她通宵不眠,把自己写成了一个“夜枭”,观察自己一昼夜的生物钟节奏,同时又学习父亲治疗失眠的方法:在夜间玩词语游戏,还玩刘易斯·卡洛尔的数学游戏。《闲话大小事》是一本吸引人的文集,充满了法迪曼特有的对生活、对文学、对家庭、对各种秘传知识的爱。这本书有望使一种企盼已久的文体重获新生。  
作者简介 · · · · · ·
  安妮·法迪曼(Anne Fadiman),生于美国纽约市,在康涅狄格州和洛杉矶长大,毕业于哈佛大学。毕业后,她在怀俄明州当野外探险向导,后来回到纽约从事写作。曾任《生活》杂志的特约撰稿人,《文明》杂志编辑和《美国学人》编辑。她的第一本书《鬼怪抓住你,你就跌倒了》(The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down,FSG,1997)获“美国国家书评奖”,她还写有随笔集《书趣》(Ex Libris),编有《经典重温》(Rereadings,FSG,2005)等作品。她现与家人住在马萨诸塞州西部,并担任耶鲁大学弗朗西斯住校作家。

《闲话大小事》序言
2009-5-12 13:10:36 安妮·法迪曼  来源:易文网
刚好半个世纪多一点之前,一位沮丧的作家写了一篇“小品文的温婉哀歌”(A Gentle Dirge for the Familiar Essay),哀叹一种风格的文体即将消亡。“它已经沉落到西天的地平线。整个星座里有庄重的态度,恰如其分的引语,希腊文与拉丁文,清晰的语言,谈话式的文风,绅士的书斋,绅士的收入,以及绅士本人。” 这位作家就是我的父亲克利夫顿·法迪曼(Clifton Fadiman)。有关他的描述,他的邮箱、废纸筒、他的失眠症,都在本书的几篇随笔中出现过。“小品文的温婉哀歌”本身就是一篇小品文。它像中国套盒一样闪动着与众不同的特色。它的完美正好反驳了它要传送的信息。 这篇预告本身即将结束的小品文,它本身还顽强地存在着,这就意味着从前的预言家们也许是错误的,现在的预言家也一样。虽然我父亲列举的大多数特色确已离地平线更近了,但其中最重要的一项仍旧历历在目。我指的当然就是谈话式的文风。我学会了这种文风,是在法迪曼家里的餐桌上,和辛辣的咖喱、腐味的斯提尔顿奶酪一起品尝出来的。谈话式的文风是我父亲一生的中心,是我一生的中心,也是小品文的中心。

今天,人们已经不常听到“小品文”这个说法了。这种风格的全盛时代是19世纪初期。 那时查尔斯·兰姆(Charles Lamb)在白兰地和烟草的影响下,做梦一般写出了《伊利亚随笔》。威廉·哈兹利特(William Hazlitt)在浓茶的影响下,匆匆写出了《燕谈录》(Table Talk)。小品文不是面对千万人写作,而是只对一个人讲话。仿佛两人并坐在熊熊炉火前,敞开领口,手捧心爱的刺激性饮料,长夜的闲谈就这样延伸下去。作家的看法是主观的,提到的事总是具体的,表达方式东拉西扯,性格的怪异十分明显,哈哈大笑往往是在嘲弄自己。虽然写的是自己,但也同时写一个主题,写熟悉的事,非常热心的事,所以文字总是充满恋人般的亲切。因此,大量的篇名总以“谈”字开头:“谈洗衣妇”,“谈平凡的批评家”,“谈观念相同的人”,“谈以个人丑恶淆乱道德的危险”,“谈霍加斯(Hogarth)的性格与天才”,“谈作家的谈话式文风”,“谈青年的不朽感”,“谈剧院里发出嘘声的习惯”,“谈兴味”。谈兴味! 那才是小品文最简明的概括。 当今读者碰到的,是大量评论式随笔(用脑多于用心),大量自我式的、非常自我式的随笔(用心多于用脑),但是小品文(用脑用心分量相等)却很少见。如果我要把兰姆写于1821年的“谈耳朵”改写为21世纪的评论式随笔,我就会写到芭芭拉·卡特兰(Barbara Cartland)早期作品里的后现代主义听觉形象。

如果我要写一篇当代自我式随笔,我就会告诉你,我左耳垂上有个粉刺,在大学生舞会上我无法用化妆品掩盖它,那粉刺是我的男友用舌头舐出来的(他怎么会弄得那么尖);我还会说我曾把滚石乐队的音乐光碟“Jumpin’Jack Flash”调到最大音量,结果使我的听觉受到损害。但是这两种随笔我都不想写,也不想读。我仍旧喜欢兰姆的原著——他主要讲自己在音乐上没有才能,也讲到古钢琴、钢琴、歌剧演唱、繁华街道、木匠锤子等发出的各种声音。换句话说,作者既谈到自己,也谈到这个世界。 我相信,为了小品文的生存,是值得奋斗一番的。这本小书就是我在奋斗中的一点贡献。它既宣示了我对这种风格的尊敬——不,是我的爱,也表现了我本人的性格。我的性格中混合着自我陶醉和对外界的好奇心。这种性格不适于写许多种文章,却适合写小品文。集子里十几篇文章是从1998年开始的七年当中写成的。除最后一篇外,顺序都按写作先后安排。有些文章讲我生活中的事(学会使用电子邮件,从城市搬到乡间),有些是外界事件促成的(文化论战,其伤亡仍在上升;美国重新发现它的国旗,写于“9·11”事件三个月后)。文章写作的时间,我都保留不动。虽然这些文章不是在白兰地、烟草和茶的影响下写的,但是在写冰淇淋的时候,我吃了大量的哈根达斯冰淇淋;在写咖啡的时候,我感受到咖啡碱导致的强烈耳鸣;关于夜枭的文章,每一个字都是在午夜和黎明之间的时分写的。

有三篇随笔是在伟大人物的影响下写成的,他们是斯蒂芬森(Vilhjalinur Stefansson),柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)以及与我最贴心的查尔斯·兰姆。我喜欢想像,当我坐在桌前向我的读者谈心的时候,兰姆的影子就在我身后瞧着我动笔呢。 本书的书名,意在表示我的兴趣是广阔的(谈大事),然而我注意的焦点是近处的(谈小事)。写这本书时,我偶然读到哈兹利特的随笔“谈大事和小事”,文中说:“心智和眼睛瞳孔一样,可以扩大或缩小,这样才能够观察广大或狭窄的表面,找到纷繁的事物,产生对一切事物的注意。”这正好是我的感受。

我和父亲不同,并不相信写作小品文的能力在于彬彬有礼(我就不是),懂希腊文和拉丁文(我学过一点早忘了),是一个绅士(我肯定不是)。如果心理学家要分析我对小品文的迷恋,他也许会提到克利弗顿·法迪曼的另一段文字,那段话认为女人很少写小品文,因为“这种形式不吸引她们”。哎呀!它可吸引我呢。我还希望它吸引足够的作家——以及读者——这样,就不必为它的消亡唱温婉的(或其他什么的)哀歌了。

2009年6月20日 星期六

《阿拉貢傳 》


超現實主義
作者:(法国)乔治·塞巴格 译者:杨玉平
出版社:天津人民出版社
·页码:136 页
·出版日期:2008年

内容简介

《超现实主义》是在法国开始的文学艺术流派,源于达达主义,并且对于视觉艺术的影响力深远。探究此派别的理论根据是受到佛洛依德的精神分析影响,致力于发 现人类的潜意识心理。因此主张放弃逻辑、有序的经验记忆为基础的现实形象,而呈现人的深层心理中的形象世界,尝试将现实观念与本能、潜意识与梦的经验相融 合。它的主要特征,是以所谓“超现实”、“超理智”的梦境、幻觉等作为艺术创作的源泉,认为只有这种超越现实的“无意识”世界,才能摆脱一切束缚,最真实 地显示客观事实的真面目。

目录


引言
一、一个自由联盟的实践
 1.超现实主义杂志:从《文学》到《超级手臂》
 2.超现实主义小册子
 3.实验、游戏、调查
 4.生活中的超现实主义咖啡馆
 5.个性的显示
二、无意识写作:个体创作与集体创作
 1.无意识信息
 2.《磁场》
 3.《耶稣会士的财富》 (Le Tresor des Jesuites)
 4.《放慢工程》(Ralentir travaux)
 5.超现实主义作品与梦的叙述
三、时间的金子与超现实主义物体对象
 1.城市变异与魅力
 2.客观偶然与无意识瞬间
 3.超现实主义物体对象的萌芽
 4.物品的主观性与瞬间的凝固
四、联合的失败:诗歌与革命
 1.没有革命的革命者
 2.一封奇怪的电报
 3.超现实主义运动与共产党
 4.《内战》没有问世
 5.路易•阿拉贡与乔治•萨杜尔的转变
 6.批判莫斯科审判
五、一个小组的活力:退出与加入
 1.菲利普•苏波与安托南•阿尔托
 2.《第二宣言》里的清算
 3.达利事件
 4.新老交替与国际超现实主义
六、超现实主义伦理
 1.自由与放纵,诗人的责任
 2.手枪与断头台
 3.理想的爱情与女性的理想化
 4.两个谜语:音乐与电影
 5.黑色幽默
结论
超现实主义年谱
超现实主义图书目录
湊巧有兩本Pierre Daix 的傳記之翻譯 兩本之傳主有些重疊
大陸的人名也未統一
從《超現實主義者的生活(1917-32》可以知道《阿拉貢傳 》有副標題:求變的一生
《超現實主義者的生活(1917-32》翻譯者是新手 頗認真
而《阿拉貢傳 》小有刪節 不知是不是政府原因還是翻譯難題



《阿拉貢傳》
作者:(法)皮埃爾·戴克斯| 譯者:袁俊生
出版社:上海人民 出版日期:2008/01
內容介紹
阿拉貢是將法國20世紀重大事件濃縮于一身的代表人物,他和布勒東一起創立了超現實主義運動,後來加入法國共產黨。在法國遭受外來侵略,祖國山河慘遭蹂躪之時,他以手中的筆為武器,從事抵抗運動,譜寫出一首首膾炙人口的愛國詩篇,從而成為抵抗運動的領軍人物。
然而,作者並未刻意去美化阿拉貢,我們在這部傳記中看到一個矛盾重重的人物:他既是狂熱的革命者,又是熱衷於文學創作的小說家;既是抵抗運動的組織者,又是歌詠自己所愛女人的詩人;既是才華橫溢的超現實主義者,又是忠誠於自己信仰的共產黨人。
更多內容介紹
作者介紹
皮埃爾·戴克斯(Pierre Daix),法國作家、記者兼藝術史學家。1922年出生在巴黎,1939年加入法國共產黨,後投身共產黨領導的抵抗運動。在抗擊納粹德國的地下鬥爭中,他不幸被捕,被維希政府投進監獄,後被流放到奧地利,關進納粹的集中營裏。法國解放後,他先是擔任法共中央委員夏爾·蒂雍的秘書,接著擔任《今晚報》及《法蘭西文學》週刊的主編,而阿拉貢正是《法蘭西文學》週刊的社長。戴克斯著作頗豐,計有小說14部,理論性著作16部,藝術評論及畫家傳記16部。他與阿拉貢共事多年,是撰寫阿拉貢傳記最權威的作家。
更多作者介紹
目錄介紹
中譯本序
引言
第一部 那終究是一個美好的春天(1897—1928
第一章 幼年路易的雙重生活
人為設置的長輩
家庭中的男人
星形之家
納伊的發現
創傷
第二章 接受教育的年代
少年作家
現代風格
親生父親
戰前時期
戰爭
第三章 達達運動
初結友誼
兩人攜手學習
三人的運動
阿拉貢及阿波利奈爾的超現實主義
迪卡斯的《詩歌》,反藝術及自動寫作
達達的活動
達達的道德
第四章 超現實主義
達達的專制
達達為何未能拯救世界
達達圖書時代
1923年的危機
宣言的時代
超現實主義革命
第五章 從“豔麗的褐發女友”到南茜·庫納德
肖蒙高地夫人:序幕
肖蒙高地夫人:尾聲
摩洛哥戰爭及與德里約決裂
南茜,娜娜
小說《捍衛無限》
加入法國共產黨
《風格論》
破壞
第二部 艾爾莎
第六章 轉向社會主義現實主義
艾爾莎初次亮相
《超現實主義第二宣言》的危機
哈爾科夫代表大會
從哈爾科夫代表大會到與布勒東決裂
《巴塞爾的鐘聲》
保衛文化
1936
第七章 抵抗運動的詩人
從西班牙內戰到世界大戰
令人心碎的悲痛
向你致敬,我的法蘭西
抵抗運動的組織者
1942年的危機
秘密狀態與《奧雷利安》
解放
第八章 第二次世界大戰之後
冷戰
史達林主義
《共產黨人》
史達林肖像畫
危機階段
《未完成的傳奇故事》
第九章 第三次創作高峰
《聖周風雨錄》
詩集《艾爾莎》
處死及真實的謊言
1968
艾爾莎去世了
從那以後
《處死》
阿拉貢生平和創作年表
《阿拉貢傳》引言
2008-2-14 15:07:31 皮埃爾·戴克斯   來源:易文網
最後但並非最不重要的一點是,1991年,蜜雪兒·阿貝爾-繆勒在法國國家科研中心負責管理艾爾莎和阿拉貢的藏書,他將我題獻給阿拉貢的這部傳記轉交給我,阿拉貢在那本書裏寫下他讀後的想法。我在他生出版了這部傳記,而且故意事先不和他溝通,不就是為了讓他讀後作出反應嗎?遺憾的是他寫在傳記上的文字中斷得太早了,在年輕代出現危機之前就沒有了。後來,阿貝爾-繆勒還交給我封艾莎寫給阿拉貢的信,此信當時尚未發表,信中談到他們夫婦倆的生活,而阿拉貢也曾在《布朗什或遺忘》中引用過這封信。
此修訂版改動得非常大,我幾乎將1975年版的《阿拉貢傳》的一半內容重寫了一,修改的重點並非放在重寫整個傳記上,而是將重點放在重寫那些至此所披露出的各類秘密上,包括20世紀歷史的秘密。此外我還增添許多新內容,並將阿拉貢的生平一直寫到1982年年底,即他去世的那一刻。在新的版本裏,阿拉貢的形象並未因此而受到影響,恰恰相反,在找到他以為丟掉的幻象之後,他的形象更豐滿了,1956年至1962年,當莫斯科揭露出史達林的錯誤之後,他曾以為自己丟掉了幻象。
皮埃爾·戴克斯
1993年至1994年冬
第一部 那終究是一個美好的春天(1897—1928


第一章 幼年路易的雙重生活


人為設置的長輩


有的傳記都會在開篇時用倒敍的方式,講述傳主自身後來才知道的那些事情。嬰兒來到人世間,延續著家族的歷史,接著家族史又漸漸地與他本人的歷史融合在一 起。在他注意到自己家族史的同時,也意識到自己的個性;當他發現自己還有一段過去的歷史時,也就發現了家族史。後來,他還試圖從中去展望自己的未來。因 此,傳記作家便把有關傳主本人以前的歷史提前講出來,接著又去講他的母親、他的父親(或替代父親的那個人),去講整個家庭中的各個人物。孩子長大後,便去 挖掘自己以前的歷史,在此過程中,會出現種種謬誤、假設以及虛構的情節,他不知不覺地構建出一個真實的自我。一方面,他所認知的自我是早已構築好的,那是 由家人所吐露的隱情以及緘默、謊言、半真半假的事實所形成的產物。另一方面,有些事別人怎麼也不肯說,但他卻有所察覺;還有些事是別人灌輸給他的,但他卻 對此深表懷疑,於是他又拿這個自我去和這些事情作對比。無論是他所知道的,還是他所排斥的,無論是他所難以承受的,還是他有所察覺的,無論是別人灌輸給他 的,還是他自己所懷疑的,他都一概拒絕接受。


與這個孩子相比,哪個人以前的歷史會遭到如此嚴重地篡改,如此長久地掩蓋 呢?恐怕真是少之又少。這個孩子于1897103日出生於巴黎第16區,他名叫路易·阿拉貢。這是他的一位親人的名字,這個名字裏隱含著某種符號,只 是過了很久以後,他才破解出其中的奧妙。時隔40多年後,他筆下的一個人物曾這樣說:既然我是一個秋天的孩子,為什麼那些女士們會讓我感到害怕呢? 兒路易,他除了是秋天的孩子,究竟還是什麼呢?噢,倒不是因為這個出生日讓他屬天秤星座(艾爾莎也是天秤星座),而是因為他既沒有母親,也沒有父親。誰也 不知道他雙親的身份,於是人們便猜測他們都去世了。
During World War II, Juran worked in Washington, eliminating bottlenecks that hindered timely equipment shipments to U.S. allies overseas, and worked to minimize defective exports.




2009年6月16日 星期二

百葉窗

百葉窗
台大詩文社 1999詩選 2000出版

序詩甚佳

廖咸浩(1955年-),現任台灣國立台灣大學外文系教授。教授歐洲文學史。 曾任中華民國台北市文化局局長。 台灣國立台灣大學外文系學士、碩士,美國史丹佛大學文學博士。


Hsien-hao Liao

廖咸浩

2009年6月13日 星期六

宋澤萊詩集《福爾摩莎頌歌》

我因為找1983年資料巧遇此書說明
誰能當選總統 I

圖片



定價NT 350 (本)
售價NT 350
會員價NT 350
最小訂量: 1
書系編號 : J124
作者 : 宋澤萊
ISBN : 957-801-417-X
出版年月 : 2003.11
定價 : 350

加入購物車加入購物車



「第一直覺」的「第三評論」
80年代引領台灣新文化運動風騷的宋澤萊又來了﹗
2004總統大選,他銳眼觀察,
用心感受的在場的歷史﹗
注意了!!
藍綠紅紫要角及台灣芸芸眾生們,
你們都已進入歷史了﹗




作者簡介

宋澤萊,本名廖偉竣,一九五二年生,雲林縣二崙鄉人。一九七六年自台灣國立師範大學歷史系畢業後,除兩年預官軍旅生涯,一直任教於彰化縣福興國中至今。
宋澤萊出生於戰後,以小說成名於島嶼,可說是「呈現台灣小說動向,最有脈絡可循的一位」(林瑞明語),他在大學時代即完成了三本心理學色彩濃厚的現代主義 小說;一九七八年以《打牛湳村》系列小說轟動文壇,兩年間又發表了呼應寫實主義、浪漫主義、自然主義風格的五部小說;一九八○年一度轉向參禪;一九八五年 以《廢墟台灣》及《抗暴的打貓市》復出小說界,前書更獲選為當年度台灣最具影響力的書籍之一;一九九四年創作魔幻寫實長篇小說《血色蝙蝠降臨的城市》;二 ○○一年出版的《熱帶魔界》則揉合了寫實、魔幻、大眾文學等特質;二○○二年底的《變成鹽柱的作家》,巧妙運用聖經故事寫出引人深思的政治寓言。
宋澤萊獲獎無數,其寫作天才有目共睹,除小說創作,尚著有「梵天大我散文」《隨喜》、詩集《福爾摩莎頌歌》及評述《禪與文學體驗》、《台灣人的自我追尋》 等書。除了作家與教師身分,宋澤萊同時也是台灣本土意識及新文化運動的重要旗手和理論奠基者,曾結合同志創辦《台灣新文化》、《台灣新文學》、《台灣e文 藝》等雜誌。
證諸戰後世代的文化影響力,宋澤萊是台灣第一人。



序(前言)

  2004年的總統大選絕對是決定台灣未來命運的重大關鍵,所以 「誰能當選總統」這個懸疑命題好似一種精神振奮劑,牽動著台灣全民或麻痺或易感的神經。有關總統選舉的政治新聞每天大量充斥各種大眾傳播媒體的版面和畫 面,讓人目不暇給,而志在台灣最高政權的藍綠陣營當然都已明著、暗著整裝佈署,雙方的攻擊戰、保衛戰、解套戰,波濤凶湧,只是,除非已有強固的黨派意識, 否則一般民眾可能都霧煞煞,未知究中底蘊。
  本書,知名小說家、歷史教師、曾引領台灣新文化運動風騷的宋澤萊,針對總統大選發展,自2003/6/17起,特意揀選各種關聯事件︰含 蓋政治、經濟、軍事、外交、教育、文化,乃至食衣住行和人民喜怒哀樂愛欲惡的感受,逐日紀錄評論。所有的新聞評論都是在事件發生的第二天就寫下的,保持著 作者對事件的最初鮮明觀感,再則本書放進許多作者私人的心情紀事,是親身參與其間,並且用心感受的「在場的歷史」。
  因其白紙黑字,今日它是第一直覺的「第三評論」,他日將是台灣關鍵時點民間論述的歷史文獻。



本書特色

▆第一名的陳水扁不知窮人老師學生苦
▆宋清廉食碗外洗碗內的袖裡乾坤
▆連戰只要有總統幹就好的喜劇演出
▆馬英九落入公投、招待陷阱拐馬腳
前衛出版 還有續集 敬請期待



本書要目

●高明見事件●宋友會須知●連戰控告台灣人俱樂部●宋楚瑜以傷口打 杖●中共飛彈伺候台灣●黃榮村的「鐵齒」●李應元的「教改頌」●李遠哲再被扁●蕭萬長倒戈?●老康的樂觀●南社提早起義●楊大智的不智●汎紫聯盟挑戰藍綠 兩軍●國親開始鬥爭客家人●泛藍重抬蔣經國神祇牌●藍色的憂鬱●宋楚瑜政策買票3訣竅●福佬客尋根●呂秀蓮美國發飆●連戰也有「興票案」?!●台灣正名運 動15萬人大遊行●台鐵工會罷工●大陸妹偷渡台灣●國親痛扁蘇貞昌●漢光演習扁豬當靶標●蔡碧詹真言●中共邀台灣統派參加國慶●藍綠台商爭奪戰、教改攻防 戰●自由時報控告國民黨●蔡正元惹禍●連宋當選後即展開三通協商

2009年6月12日 星期五

Economics and language: five essays

Arising out of the author's lifetime fascination with the links between the formal language of mathematical models and natural language, this short book comprises five essays investigating both the economics of language and the language of economics. Ariel Rubinstein touches on the structure imposed on binary relations in daily language, the evolutionary development of the meaning of words, game-theoretical considerations of pragmatics, the language of economic agents and the rhetoric of game theory. These short essays are full of challenging ideas for social scientists that should help to encourage a fundamental rethinking of many of the underlying assumptions in economic theory and game theory.
Cambridge University Press, 2000

Series: Churchill Lectures in Economics


The Churchill Lectures in Economics was inaugurated in 1993 to provide a series of annual public lectures on topics of current interest to students and researchers in the discipline. The lecturers are selected from the top echelon of leading scholars in the profession. Although always acknowledged specialists in their field, they are encouraged to take a broad look at their chosen subject and to reflect in a way that will be accessible to the senior undergraduate student.

This series is now complete - no further titles will be commissioned in this series.




Economics and language: five essays
作者:Ariel Rubinstein

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經濟學與語言
作者[以]魯賓斯坦(Rubinsten A.) 錢勇 周翼 韋森審訂 出版社上海財經大學出版社 ISBN書號7810980971 出版時間2004-05-01



  • 因為作者魯賓斯坦對數學模型的規範語言 與自然語言之間的聯繫保持著一貫的癡迷,所以這本小書包括了他的五篇研究語言經濟學和經濟學語言的論文,在這五篇論文中,魯賓斯坦討論了涉及到附加於日常 語言中的二元關係的結構,詞語含義的演化發展,語用學的博弈論思考、經濟人的語言和博弈論的修辭等內容,這些短小的文章充滿了對社會科學家們的挑戰,有助 於鼓勵大家對經濟理論和博弈理論的許多內在假設進行基礎性的思考,有助於鼓勵大家對經濟理論和博弈理論。



    “當代制度分析前沿系列”總序
    中文版序
    致謝
    第一篇語言的經濟學
    經濟學與語言
    語言的語義性質之選擇
    演化賦予語言之選擇
    語用學中的策略考慮
    第二篇經濟學的語言
    決策與語言
    論博弈論和修辭
    結語
    第三篇評論
    經濟學與語言JohanvnaBenthem
    經濟學與語言TilmanBorgers
    經濟學與語言BartonLLipman
    術語對照表
    從語言的經濟學到經濟學的語言
    ——評魯賓斯坦的《經濟學與語言》
    譯後記



    2009年6月5日 星期五

    Claude Lévi-Strauss文集

    "Levi Strauss 法國的 "社會人類學研究所" 是 社會學加上人類學 嗎?"--我之所以問此 因為其中文文集中他的致中文讀者如此說 很奇怪
    昨天碰到葉老師 他告訴我 social/cultural anthropology為英美別

    今天找點資料
    Claude Lévi-Strauss

    (born Nov. 28, 1908, Brussels, Belg.) Belgian-French social anthropologist and leading exponent of structuralism.
    Lévi-Strauss was named to a chair in Social Anthropology at the Collège de France in 1959.
    Wikipedia article "Claude Lévi-Strauss". At roughly the same time he published Structural Anthropology, a collection of his essays which provided both examples and programmatic statements about structuralism. At the same time as he was laying the groundwork for an intellectual program, he began a series of institutions for establishing anthropology as a discipline in France, including the Laboratory for Social Anthropology where new students could be trained, and a new journal, l'Homme, for publishing the results of their research.



    Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: cultural anthropology Top


    Branch of anthropology that deals with the study of culture. The discipline uses the methods, concepts, and data of archaeology, ethnography, folklore, linguistics, and related fields in its descriptions and analyses of the diverse peoples of the world. Called social anthropology in Britain, its field of research was until the mid 20th century largely restricted to the small-scale (or "primitive"), non-Western societies that first began to be identified during the age of discovery. Today the field extends to all forms of human association, from village communities to corporate cultures to urban gangs. Two key perspectives used are those of holism (understanding society as a complex, interactive whole) and cultural relativism (the appreciation of cultural phenomena within their own context). Areas of study traditionally include social structure, law, politics, religion, magic, art, and technology.

    2009年6月3日 星期三

    戰時臺灣的聲音1943黑澤隆朝《高砂族的音樂》復刻─暨漢人音樂

    這書聽果



    戰時臺灣的聲音1943黑澤隆朝《高砂族的音樂》復刻─暨漢人音樂

    作者 : 王櫻芬,劉麟玉

    定價:1000元

    多媒體系列(DVD)

    出版日期:2008年12月 初版

    GPN : 4509704315

    出版單位:臺大出版中心


    本書介紹  
     

      1943年,在第二次世界大戰期間,由黑澤隆朝等三人組成的調查團,從日本渡海來臺,在臺灣總督府和民間的大力支持下,進行了三個月的環島踏查和錄音與攝影,完成日治時期規模最大、內容最完整的臺灣音樂普查,並為戰爭時期的臺灣原住民和漢人音樂留下了僅存的影音和文字記錄

      調查團冒著生命危險回到日本,將這些記錄編輯成26張七十八轉唱片和十捲紀錄片,但卻全數在東京大空襲中燒毀,幸好老天有眼,讓一套編輯用的26張唱片逃過一劫而倖存下來。

      這套26張唱片中的原住民音樂部份,雖然在1974年由日本勝利唱片公司出版,名為『高砂族の音楽』,但是早已絕版,至於漢人音樂的部份則從未正式出版。因此這些珍貴的歷史錄音一直未能廣為人知。

      經過多年的努力,如今我們終於得以將『高砂族の音楽』重新復刻,並加上在英國圖書館找到的漢人音樂曲目,以重現調查團的部份錄音成果。其中『高砂族の音楽』完整呈現了日治末期臺灣原住民各族音樂的多元面貌,而漢人音樂曲目(包括祭孔、十三音、佛/道教音樂、皮影戲音樂)也分別代表了各個樂種目前所知最早的歷史錄音,因此此套唱片在臺灣音樂史上具有特殊歷史價值,值得珍藏。

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